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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Dosage Compensation02:50

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Published on: February 28, 2021

XMeis3 is necessary for mesodermal Hox gene expression and function.

Paul M J In der Rieden1, Hans J Jansen, Antony J Durston

  • 1Studiekring, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Plos One
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xenopus Meis3 (XMeis3) is crucial for early embryonic development, regulating key Hox gene expression in mesoderm during gastrulation. This research demonstrates XMeis3

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Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
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Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
07:23

Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme

Published on: November 28, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hox transcription factors establish anteroposterior positional information.
  • Meis-class proteins regulate nuclear localization of Hox co-factors.
  • XMeis3 has known roles in Xenopus posteriorization and zebrafish hindbrain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of XMeis3 in regulating early Hox gene expression in Xenopus gastrula mesoderm.
  • To determine if XMeis3 is involved in the temporal collinearity of Hox gene expression.
  • To assess the necessity of XMeis3 for gastrulation progression and Hox gene autoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of XMeis3 function in Xenopus gastrula mesoderm.
  • Gene expression analysis of specific Hox genes (Hoxd1, Hoxb4, Hoxc6).
  • Functional assays to assess gastrulation progression and autoregulation.

Main Results:

  • XMeis3 is essential for the expression of Hoxd1, Hoxb4, and Hoxc6 in mesoderm during gastrulation.
  • XMeis3 function is required for the successful progression of gastrulation.
  • Synergy between XMeis3 and Hoxd1 in the autoregulation of Hoxd1 in mesodermal cells was observed.

Conclusions:

  • XMeis3 plays a critical role in regulating the early mesodermal Hox gene expression cascade during Xenopus gastrulation.
  • XMeis3 is indispensable for normal gastrulation movements.
  • XMeis3 and Hoxd1 interact synergistically to regulate Hoxd1 expression, highlighting a novel autoregulatory mechanism.