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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

[Transient neonatal cholestasis].

Mirta Ciocca1, Fernando Alvarez

  • 1Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires. mciocca@intramed.net

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newborns are prone to cholestasis due to immature bile formation. Transient neonatal cholestasis occurs without a known cause and resolves over time, often following a neonatal stressor.

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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
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Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates

Published on: December 31, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology

Context:

  • Neonatal cholestasis presents a diagnostic challenge due to immature bile formation mechanisms in newborns.
  • It encompasses diverse etiologies including infections, genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, and biliary atresia.

Purpose:

  • To delineate the characteristics and diagnostic considerations of transient neonatal cholestasis.
  • To differentiate transient neonatal cholestasis from other causes of cholestasis in neonates.

Summary:

  • Transient neonatal cholestasis is defined by early-onset cholestasis without an identifiable cause.
  • Key features include normalization of clinical and biochemical parameters during follow-up.
  • A history of neonatal adverse events like asphyxia, sepsis, or total parenteral nutrition is often noted.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of transient neonatal cholestasis aids in accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Distinguishing transient cases from persistent conditions optimizes patient care and resource allocation.
  • Highlights the importance of considering neonatal stressors in the etiology of cholestasis.