Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
Classical Conditioning in Daily Life01:17

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
Principle of Equivalence01:18

Principle of Equivalence

According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Classical Conditioning01:18

Classical Conditioning

Associative learning, a core principle in behavioral psychology, involves forming connections between events and facilitating learned responses. This concept is vividly illustrated by classical conditioning, a process extensively studied by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov's pioneering research on dogs' digestive systems led to the discovery that behaviors can be learned through association, laying the groundwork for classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs salivated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The freedom to choose may be an artifact of a preference for spatial location.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2026
Same author

Episodic memory: Rats can remember the context.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Episodic memory in animals?

Translational neuroscience·2025
Same author

Ephemeral reward task: Why is it so difficult for pigeons to learn it?

Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition·2025
Same author

Peter Urcuioli's lasting contribution: Animal memory research and an important model of stimulus class formation.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same author

Complex relationship between response rate and preference in pigeons: Williams (1992) revisited.

Learning & behavior·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Acquired equivalence between stimuli trained in the same context.

Mikael Molet1, Holly C Miller, Thomas R Zentall

  • 1Université de Lille, Nord de France, Lille, France. mikael.molet@univ-lille3.fr

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Context plays a crucial role in human acquired equivalence. Stimuli trained in the same context become equivalent, even when presented in a neutral setting.

More Related Videos

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
05:46

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Published on: October 5, 2018

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
05:46

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Published on: October 5, 2018

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Acquired equivalence is a form of stimulus equivalence.
  • Context can influence learning and generalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of context in human acquired equivalence.
  • To determine if shared context during training leads to stimulus equivalence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed two conditional discrimination tasks.
  • Different conditional relations were trained in distinct contexts.
  • Test trials involved interchanging stimuli and presenting them in a neutral context.

Main Results:

  • Positive transfer was observed on test trials.
  • Stimuli trained in the same context were treated as equivalent.
  • Contextual cues influenced the generalization of learned relations.

Conclusions:

  • Context is a critical factor in establishing acquired equivalence.
  • The findings support the role of contextual control in stimulus generalization.
  • Understanding contextual influences is key to explaining complex learned associations.