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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

["Cryptogenic" coronary embolism - Case 4/2011].

P Seizer1, S Fateh-Moghadam, M Gawaz

  • 1Abteilung für Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|April 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with no cardiovascular risk factors experienced a myocardial infarction due to a paradoxical embolus from deep vein thrombosis via a persistent foramen ovale (PFO). PFO occlusion offers a safe alternative to long-term anticoagulation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
18:11

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) typically presents in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Embolic events can cause myocardial infarction, but are less common in younger patients without traditional risk factors.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old patient with no cardiovascular risk factors presented with acute chest pain during defecation.
  • Investigations revealed NSTEMI, with coronary angiography showing embolic occlusion of the ramus intermedius.
  • The source of the embolus was identified as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a persistent foramen ovale (PFO).

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful interventional occlusion of the PFO using an Amplatz occluder.
  • Treatment included 6 months of phenprocoumon and clopidogrel due to the DVT.
  • This case highlights an unusual embolic cause of myocardial infarction in a patient lacking typical risk factors.

Implications:

  • In patients with no cardiovascular risk profile presenting with chest pain, embolic causes should be considered.
  • A thorough patient history is crucial for diagnosing conditions like paradoxical embolism.
  • Interventional PFO occlusion is a safe and effective strategy, potentially avoiding the need for long-term anticoagulation in symptomatic PFO patients.