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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Couette Flow01:22

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Irrotational Flow01:28

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Published on: December 4, 2017

Directed flow at midrapidity in heavy-ion collisions.

Matthew Luzum1, Jean-Yves Ollitrault

  • 1CEA, IPhT, Institut de physique théorique de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Physical Review Letters
|April 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions create a dipole asymmetry in particle distribution. This asymmetry, observed by the STAR Collaboration, is crucial for understanding long-range dihadron correlations.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics
  • High-energy physics
  • Particle physics

Background:

  • Heavy-ion collisions exhibit fluctuations in initial geometry.
  • These fluctuations generally lead to a dipole asymmetry in outgoing particle distributions.
  • This asymmetry is expected across a wide rapidity range, including midrapidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first evidence of dipole asymmetry in heavy-ion collisions.
  • To provide a quantitative description of long-range dihadron correlations.
  • To extract differential directed flow and propose a new measurement.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two-particle correlation data from the STAR Collaboration.
  • Extraction of differential directed flow from experimental data.

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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

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11:51

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Main Results:

  • First evidence of dipole asymmetry in particle distribution observed.
  • Data provides the final piece for quantitatively describing long-range dihadron correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Dipole asymmetry is a key phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions.
  • The findings enable a more comprehensive understanding of particle correlations.
  • A new direct measurement of this phenomenon is proposed.