Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

Introduction to Seed Plants

Introduction to Seed Plants

Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Cells of the Epidermis

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of chest X-ray radiography AI model to comorbidities for predicting intensive care unit admission for COVID-19.

Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)·2026

Same author

Male bumblebees sustain mate-seeking by adjusting foraging to environmental conditions.

Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology·2026

Same author

Ethical Responsibility in the Off-Label Use of AI in Medical Imaging.

The Journal of clinical ethics·2026

Same author

Replicated repurposing of an ancestral transcriptional complex in land plants.

Current biology : CB·2026

Same author

Synaptic high-frequency jumping synchronises vision to high-speed behaviour.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Aversive memory and extinction learning for noxious stimuli and aversive tastants in bumblebees.

The Journal of experimental biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Why do so many petals have conical epidermal cells?

Heather M Whitney¹, K M Veronica Bennett, Matthew Dorling

¹Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.

Annals of Botany

|April 8, 2011

Summary

Conical epidermal cells on Angiosperm petals influence pollination by affecting petal properties. Their fitness benefits vary with pollinators and habitats, requiring further modeling.

More Related Videos

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Published on: May 12, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant biology
Pollination ecology
Evolutionary botany

Background:

Conical epidermal cells on Angiosperm petals are common and used as petal identity markers.
Their functional roles in pollination biology are increasingly being studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diverse functions of conical epidermal cells in pollination.
To analyze the effect of cell shape on floral temperature in Antirrhinum majus.

Main Methods:

Literature review of conical cell effects on petal color, reflexing, scent, wettability, and pollinator grip.
Analysis of floral temperature in relation to epidermal cell morphology in Antirrhinum.

Main Results:

Conical cells significantly impact pollinator grip, particularly in Antirrhinum majus.
No statistically significant warming effect of conical cells on floral temperature was detected.
Insignificant trends suggested faster warming at dawn, and flat cells were warmer on warm days.

Conclusions:

Conical epidermal cells influence multiple petal properties, affecting plant-pollinator interactions.
The fitness advantages conferred by these cells are context-dependent, varying with pollinators and environments.
Further modeling is needed to understand the interplay of these factors in plant evolution.