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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Published on: October 14, 2019

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia: a systematic overview.

Adrienne A Nassar¹, Dawn E Jaroszewski, Richard A Helmers

¹Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259-5499, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|April 8, 2011

Summary

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) primarily affects middle-aged women, presenting with cough and dyspnea. While often stable, DIPNECH can progress, necessitating further research for optimal management guidelines.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Published on: October 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pathology
Radiology

Background:

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is increasingly recognized but lacks comprehensive diagnostic and treatment data.
This systematic review addresses the limited information on DIPNECH, focusing on demographics, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Observation:

A review of 24 English literature cases and one institutional case identified DIPNECH predominantly in middle-aged women (92%), often nonsmokers.
Common symptoms include cough (71%), dyspnea (63%), and wheezing (25%), with diagnosis often delayed.
Pulmonary function tests frequently revealed obstructive disease (54%), and imaging showed nodules (63%), ground-glass attenuation (29%), and bronchiectasis (21%).

Findings:

Histological confirmation typically required surgical lung biopsy (88%), though transbronchial biopsies were diagnostic in some cases.
Treatment strategies varied, including corticosteroids, bronchodilators, and lung resection.
Follow-up in 17 patients indicated clinical improvement in 6, stability in 7, and deterioration in 4, highlighting variable disease progression.

Implications:

DIPNECH predominantly affects middle-aged women and presents with obstructive lung disease and characteristic imaging findings.
While the condition often remains stable, progression to respiratory failure is possible, underscoring the need for long-term management strategies.
Establishing a national multicenter DIPNECH registry is crucial for developing evidence-based management guidelines.