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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

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Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Slow and static spin correlations in Dy(2 + x)Ti(2 - x)O(7 - δ).

J S Gardner1, G Ehlers, P Fouquet

  • 1Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. jsg@nist.gov

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|April 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Investigating spin ices Dy2.3Ti1.7O6.85 and Dy2Ti2O7 revealed that adding Dy3+ ions below 100 mK alters magnetic scattering. This modification enhances antiferromagnetic coupling and slows spin correlations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnetism
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spin ices are frustrated magnetic materials exhibiting unique magnetic properties.
  • Dysprosium titanate (Dy2Ti2O7) is a model system for studying spin ice physics.
  • Understanding the impact of doping on spin ice correlations is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of substituting Dy3+ ions in Dy2Ti2O7 spin ice.
  • To analyze changes in static and dynamic spin correlations with increased Dy3+ concentration.
  • To compare findings with holmium-based spin ice analogues.

Main Methods:

  • Polarized neutron diffraction experiments to probe static spin correlations.
  • Neutron spin echo spectroscopy to measure dynamic spin correlations.
  • Reverse Monte Carlo simulations to model magnetic scattering data.

Main Results:

  • Below 100 mK, magnetic scattering shifts to higher momentum transfer (|Q|) in stuffed samples.
  • Increased Dy3+ ions modify near-neighbour distances and promote antiferromagnetic coupling.
  • Dynamic spin correlations were observed to be slower in the Dy3+-stuffed spin ice.

Conclusions:

  • Stuffing the pyrochlore lattice with additional Dy3+ ions significantly alters spin ice properties.
  • The observed changes are attributed to modified inter-ion distances and coupling character.
  • Results provide insights into tuning magnetic correlations in frustrated systems.