Modification of ATP regulatory function in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase by hydrophobic molecules

The effects of the three hydrophobic molecules triphenylphosphine, trifluoperazine and 3-nitrophenol on Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was investigated. When ATP was the substrate, triphenylphosphine (3 microM) increased the amount of Ca2+ accumulated by the vesicles. At high concentrations triphenylphosphine inhibited Ca2+ uptake. This effect varied depending on the ATP concentration and the type of nucleotide used. With ITP there was only inhibition and no activation of Ca2+ uptake by triphenylphosphine. On the other hand, trifluoperazine inhibited Ca2+ accumulation regardless of whether ATP or ITP was used as substrate. When 5 mM oxalate was included in the medium in order to avoid binding of Ca2+ to the low-affinity Ca2(+)-binding sites of the enzyme, both stimulation by triphenylphosphine and inhibition by trifluoperazine were reduced. In leaky vesicles at low Ca2+ concentrations, triphenylphosphine and 3-nitrophenol were competitive inhibitors of ATPase activity at the regulatory site of the enzyme (0.1-1 mM ATP). A striking difference was observed when both the high- and low-affinity Ca2(+)-binding sites were saturated. In this condition, triphenylphosphine and 3-nitrophenol promoted a 3-4-fold increase in the apparent affinity for ATP at its regulatory site.