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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Microstructural brain abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: diffusion-tensor MR imaging study

Fei Li¹, Xiaoqi Huang, Yanchun Yang

¹Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.

|April 9, 2011

Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to axonal abnormalities in brain white matter, potentially affecting integrity and connectivity. Diffusion-tensor imaging reveals these changes correlate with symptom severity, suggesting clinical utility.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neuroscience
Radiology

Background:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by obsessions and compulsions.
Understanding the underlying neurobiology of OCD is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate white matter integrity and connectivity in OCD patients using diffusion-tensor (DT) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
To correlate DT imaging parameters with clinical measures of OCD severity and illness duration.

Main Methods:

Diffusion-tensor imaging was performed on 23 OCD patients and 23 matched healthy controls using a 3.0-T MR imager.
Voxel-based analysis compared fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between groups.
Correlations were assessed between DT parameters and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, subscale scores, and illness duration.

Main Results:

OCD patients showed significantly increased FA in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and right superior frontal gyrus white matter.
Increased FA in these regions was associated with higher axial diffusivity but not significantly different radial diffusivity compared to controls.
FA values in the left middle temporal gyrus white matter positively correlated with OCD symptom severity (r = 0.542, P < .001).

Conclusions:

OCD is associated with axonal microstructural abnormalities in white matter, suggesting impaired axonal integrity and potentially increased connectivity.
The positive correlation between diffusion-tensor imaging abnormalities and symptom severity indicates its potential clinical value for monitoring disability in OCD.
DT imaging may serve as a valuable tool for assessing and tracking disease progression and treatment response in OCD patients.