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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Nanostructured Ti-catalyzed MgH2 for hydrogen storage.

H Shao1, M Felderhoff, F Schüth

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.

Nanotechnology
|April 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Titanium-catalyzed nanocrystalline magnesium hydride (MgH2) exhibits significantly improved hydrogen storage properties. This advanced material offers lower desorption temperatures and faster hydrogen absorption compared to commercial MgH2.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising material for hydrogen storage.
  • Improving the kinetics and thermodynamics of MgH2 for practical applications remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize nanocrystalline titanium-catalyzed MgH2.
  • To evaluate its hydrogen storage performance compared to commercial MgH2.

Main Methods:

  • Homogeneously catalyzed synthesis of nanocrystalline MgH2.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for nanostructure analysis.
  • N2 adsorption (BET) for surface area determination.
  • Hydrogen desorption and absorption measurements.

Main Results:

  • The nanocrystalline Ti-catalyzed MgH2 consists of beta-MgH2 and gamma-MgH2 phases.
  • BET surface area was measured at 108 m^2/g.
  • Hydrogen desorption temperature was over 130°C lower than commercial MgH2.
  • Hydrogen absorption rate at 300°C was 40 times faster than commercial MgH2.
  • Desorption enthalpy and entropy were 77.7 kJ/mol H2 and 138.3 J/K mol H2, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocrystalline structure and Ti catalyst significantly enhance MgH2 hydrogen storage properties.
  • Improved kinetics are attributed to high surface area and catalytic effects.
  • Thermodynamic properties are not affected by nanostructuring.