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Angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan, ameliorates gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats

Gehan H Heeba1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt. ghhh70@yahoo.com

Pharmacology
|April 9, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Concurrent losartan (LOS) treatment significantly protects against gentamicin (GEN)-induced kidney damage by reducing biomarkers and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with LOS showed minimal protective effects against GEN nephrotoxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Gentamicin (GEN) is an antibiotic known to cause nephrotoxicity.
  • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), such as losartan (LOS), are used to manage hypertension.
  • Investigating protective strategies against drug-induced kidney damage is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective effects of losartan (LOS) against gentamicin (GEN)-induced renal damage.
  • To compare the efficacy of concurrent treatment versus pretreatment with LOS against GEN nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were assigned to five groups: control, LOS alone, GEN alone, GEN + LOS pretreatment, and GEN + LOS concurrent treatment.
  • Animals received daily doses of LOS (10 mg/kg) and/or GEN (100 mg/kg) for seven days.
  • Renal function (urine volume, microalbuminuria, BUN, serum creatinine) and oxidative stress markers were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Concurrent LOS treatment significantly reduced GEN-induced increases in urine volume, microalbuminuria, BUN, and serum creatinine.
  • LOS significantly attenuated GEN-induced oxidative stress, evidenced by normalized malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and enzyme activities.
  • Histopathological analysis confirmed that concurrent LOS markedly ameliorated GEN-induced renal tubular damage, while pretreatment showed limited benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent administration of losartan demonstrates significant nephroprotective effects against gentamicin-induced kidney injury.
  • Losartan effectively mitigates biochemical and oxidative stress markers associated with GEN nephrotoxicity.
  • Losartan is a potential therapeutic option for hypertensive patients receiving concurrent gentamicin treatment.

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