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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach
08:16

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach

Published on: November 5, 2019

Acral Lentigines, Is it a Paraneoplastic Syndrome?

Saad Al Mohizea1, Amal Al-Balbeesi

  • 1Department of Dermatology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Health Sciences
|April 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A 34-year-old man developed brown spots on his skin after a non-Hodgkin

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • A 34-year-old gentleman with a history of Evan's syndrome and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • He presented with multiple brown spots on the palms, soles, and scalp, appearing three months prior to his lymphoma diagnosis.

Observation:

  • Clinical examination revealed multiple brownish macules distributed across the palms, soles, and scalp.
  • A biopsy of a palmar lesion demonstrated basal cell layer pigmentation and an increase in melanocytes.

Findings:

  • The observed skin lesions, characterized as lentigines, are strongly suspected to be induced by immunosuppression.
  • The immunosuppression was a consequence of the treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Keywords:
acral lentiginesmalignancyparaneoplastic syndromes

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach
08:16

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach

Published on: November 5, 2019

Implications:

  • This case highlights a potential cutaneous side effect of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific mechanisms linking immunosuppression, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and drug treatments to the development of drug-induced lentigines.