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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Pre-Stressor Interference Control and Intrusive Memories.

Johan Verwoerd¹, Ineke Wessel, Peter J de Jong

¹Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2-1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.

Cognitive Therapy and Research

|April 9, 2011

Summary

A poor ability to resist proactive interference in working memory before a stressful event may increase the risk of experiencing intrusive memories. This finding suggests a vulnerability factor for trauma-related intrusive memories.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

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Published on: July 16, 2015

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

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Published on: August 24, 2012

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience
Psychotraumatology

Background:

Intrusive imagery is common after stress, but persistent symptoms are rare.
Individual differences in executive control may influence trauma responses.
Pre-trauma working memory function is a potential vulnerability factor.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if poor pre-stressor working memory interference control predicts intrusive memories.
To explore the role of proactive interference resistance in post-stress intrusive memories.

Main Methods:

85 non-clinical participants completed a working memory interference task (CVLT).
Participants watched an emotional film fragment.
Intrusive memories were monitored via diary and follow-up for one week.

Main Results:

A poorer ability to resist proactive interference was linked to more film-related intrusive memories.
This association remained significant regardless of neuroticism or gender.

Conclusions:

Pre-existing deficits in resisting proactive interference may be a vulnerability factor for developing intrusive memories after trauma.
Working memory function could be a target for interventions to prevent persistent post-traumatic symptoms.