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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Ghrelin for cachexia.

Takashi Akamizu, Kenji Kangawa

    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
    |April 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) secretion, shows promise in treating cachexia. It combats muscle wasting through GH-dependent and independent pathways, offering potential clinical applications.

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    A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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    A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

    Published on: April 28, 2016

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    Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

    The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
    08:55

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    Published on: November 30, 2016

    A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
    11:36

    A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

    Published on: April 28, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolism
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Ghrelin is a stomach-produced hormone and the primary appetite stimulant.
    • It binds to the growth hormone (GH)-secretagogue receptor, influencing GH secretion.
    • Ghrelin plays a role in energy balance and metabolic regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advances in understanding ghrelin's anti-cachectic effects.
    • To explore the potential of ghrelin in treating diseases associated with cachexia.
    • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind ghrelin's anti-catabolic actions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current scientific literature on ghrelin and cachexia.
    • Analysis of studies evaluating ghrelin's efficacy in various disease models.
    • Examination of ghrelin's impact on GH secretion, appetite, and cytokine production.

    Main Results:

    • Ghrelin administration stimulates appetite and GH secretion.
    • Ghrelin spares protein stores during caloric restriction by influencing fat metabolism.
    • Ghrelin inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to its anti-cachectic effects.
    • Ghrelin demonstrates both GH-dependent and independent anti-cachectic mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Ghrelin exhibits significant anti-cachectic properties through multiple pathways.
    • Ongoing research is exploring ghrelin's therapeutic potential for cachexia in conditions like heart failure, COPD, cancer, and renal disease.
    • Further studies aim to develop novel clinical applications for ghrelin-based therapies.