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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

Update on geriatric research in productive aging.

Susan L Murphy¹

¹Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 9th Floor, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2007, USA. sumurphy@umich.edu

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association

|April 12, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review updates research on productive aging in occupational therapy, finding a need for more effectiveness studies. It examines studies in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and other journals.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

Area of Science:

Occupational therapy
Productive aging research
Evidence-based practice

Background:

The American Occupational Therapy Association's Centennial Vision emphasizes science-driven and evidence-based practice.
Previous reviews indicated a predominance of basic research over effectiveness studies in productive aging within occupational therapy.
This highlights a gap in the evidence base for effective interventions in this practice area.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated review of research on productive aging published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) from 2009-2010.
To examine the scope and range of occupational therapy effectiveness research on productive aging in other occupational therapy journals and external disciplines during the same period.

Main Methods:

Literature review of research articles.
Analysis of publication types and focus (basic vs. effectiveness research).
Examination of studies within AJOT and other relevant journals.

Main Results:

Part 1 details research trends in productive aging within AJOT (2009-2010).
Part 2 analyzes the broader landscape of effectiveness research in productive aging across multiple journals.

Conclusions:

The review aims to inform future research directions in productive aging.
It seeks to identify the extent of evidence supporting occupational therapy interventions for older adults.
Findings will guide the profession towards more evidence-based practices in productive aging.