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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
04:58

Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds

Published on: October 20, 2012

Local anaesthesia and the dermatologist.

A Walsh1, S Walsh

  • 1St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|April 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Local anaesthetic (LA) is crucial in dermatology, but its use carries toxicity risks. Dermatologists must understand LA mechanisms, doses, and toxicity management for safe patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Local anaesthetic (LA) is fundamental in dermatological practice.
  • Dermatological surgery expansion increases the volume of LA used.
  • Potential for LA toxicity exists despite small individual doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of safe local anaesthetic use in dermatology.
  • To emphasize the need for dermatologists to understand LA toxicity.
  • To review essential knowledge for managing local anaesthetic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of local anaesthetic principles in dermatological surgery.
  • Discussion of factors influencing local anaesthetic toxicity.
  • Outline of essential knowledge for safe clinical application.

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Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
06:44

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Published on: June 23, 2009

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04:58

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Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
06:44

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Main Results:

  • Increased complexity of dermatological procedures necessitates greater LA awareness.
  • Factors like intravascular injection and patient characteristics increase toxicity risk.
  • Dermatologists require comprehensive knowledge for safe LA administration.

Conclusions:

  • Safe use of local anaesthetic in dermatology requires understanding mechanism of action, preparations, and dosage.
  • Awareness of early toxicity signs and management strategies is critical.
  • Dermatologists bear responsibility for safe local anaesthetic practice.