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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Vaccination in pregnancy.

Karin A Fox1, Regan Theiler

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|April 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Live viral vaccines in pregnancy, like those for H1N1 influenza, pose risks but may be necessary during pandemics. More research is needed on maternal-fetal vaccine transfer and immunity.

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Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
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Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface
05:22

Ex vivo Culture of Human Placental Explants for the Study of Viral Transmission Across the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Viral infections, such as H1N1 influenza, can severely impact pregnant individuals and fetuses.
  • Vaccines are used in pregnancy, with current guidelines favoring inactivated vaccines over live ones due to safety concerns.
  • Limited data exists on the risks and mechanisms of live viral vaccine transfer from mother to fetus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on newer vaccines (H1N1, HPV) in pregnancy.
  • To explore the role of Fc receptors in placental immunoglobulin transport.
  • To examine cytokine activity during maternal infection and vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on vaccines in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of data on maternal immune system changes during pregnancy.
  • Examination of placental function in infection and immunity transmission.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy alters maternal immunity, affecting susceptibility and response to infections and vaccines.
  • The placenta plays a complex role in transmitting infections and passive immunity.
  • Fc receptors are involved in the active transport of immunoglobulins across the placenta.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding maternal-fetal vaccine transfer and immune responses is crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies in pregnancy.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps regarding live viral vaccines and their impact on maternal and fetal health.
  • Newer vaccines like H1N1 and HPV require careful consideration for use in pregnant populations.