Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
10:27
Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
Published on: December 15, 2011
Coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity
1Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. troncone@unina.it
Journal of Internal Medicine
|April 13, 2011
Summary
Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune disorder triggered by gluten. Gluten sensitivity encompasses conditions responding to gluten withdrawal, even without all CD criteria, suggesting broader immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Genetics
Background:
- Coeliac disease (CD) is a systemic immune-mediated disorder caused by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.
- Key CD criteria include clinical manifestations, specific autoantibodies, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy.
- Gluten sensitivity is gaining interest, but its distinction from CD is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the immunological mechanisms underlying gluten sensitivity.
- To explore the spectrum of coeliac disease and related disorders.
- To investigate the role of autoantibodies and innate epithelial stress in gluten sensitivity.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.
- Discussion of immunological mechanisms, autoantibodies, and HLA haplotypes.
- Analysis of conditions responding to gluten exclusion but lacking full CD criteria.
Main Results:
- Gluten sensitivity includes disorders with varying degrees of CD criteria but responsiveness to gluten withdrawal.
- Specific autoantibodies are proposed as markers for the broader coeliac spectrum.
- Innate epithelial stress may occur independently of adaptive intestinal immunity in gluten sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Gluten sensitivity represents a spectrum of gluten-related disorders.
- Further research is needed to define the immunological basis of gluten sensitivity.
- Autoantibodies and epithelial stress are key areas for understanding these conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Other Disorders of Digestive System
The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
01:29Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
01:27Glucose Transporters
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
01:25Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
01:20Taste Buds and Receptors
Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...