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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Published on: February 17, 2019

New perspectives in stem cell research: beyond embryonic stem cells.

C Leeb¹, M Jurga, C McGuckin

¹Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Cell Proliferation

|April 13, 2011

Summary

Stem cell research explores tissue maintenance and repair. Advances in stem cell therapies show promise for treating diseases and improving organ function, despite clinical challenges.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Published on: February 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Stem cell research, though recent, has garnered significant public interest due to its potential in organ repair and enhancing quality of life.
The fundamental goal of stem cell research is to elucidate mechanisms of tissue maintenance in adult organisms.
Understanding stem cell biology is crucial for advancing medical treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize stem cell types and their differentiation capabilities in vivo and in vitro.
To review current clinical applications of stem cells and associated challenges in translation from animal models to human practice.
To describe the current status of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and its applications in disease modeling and regenerative therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of stem cell types, differentiation, and clinical applications.
Analysis of challenges in translating animal study findings to clinical practice.
Review of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and its therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

Overview of diverse stem cell types and their differentiation potentials.
Identification of key hurdles in the clinical application of stem cell therapies.
Summary of iPSC technology's role in disease modeling and cell replacement strategies.

Conclusions:

Stem cells offer significant therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine.
Bridging the gap between preclinical research and clinical application remains a critical challenge.
Induced pluripotent stem cells represent a promising avenue for personalized medicine and disease research.