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Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Using the global functioning social and role scales in a first-episode sample.

Danijela Piskulic¹, Jean Addington, Andrea Auther

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. dpiskuli@ucalgary.ca

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

|April 13, 2011

Summary

New Global Functioning scales effectively measure social and role functioning in schizophrenia patients experiencing their first episode. These findings suggest poor functioning may be a persistent deficit from early illness stages.

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Published on: April 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Clinical Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Social and role functioning deficits are core features of schizophrenia, evident from the prodromal phase through the first episode.
Existing measures may not adequately capture functioning during the prodromal stage of schizophrenia.
The Global Functioning: Social and Global Functioning: Role scales were developed to assess functioning in the prodromal phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility and validity of the Global Functioning: Social and Global Functioning: Role scales in a first-episode schizophrenia population.
To determine if these new measures are suitable for assessing functioning in individuals recently diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Forty-eight stable outpatients with schizophrenia were assessed using the Global Functioning: Social and Role scales.
A subsample (n=33) was reassessed at 6 and 12 months to evaluate changes over time.
Standardized measures of psychotic symptoms, social functioning, self-esteem, and illness beliefs were also administered.

Main Results:

The Global Functioning: Social and Role scales showed average ratings of 6 (SD=1.60) and 5.5 (SD=2.2), respectively.
Both scales demonstrated significant correlations with the Social Functioning Scale.
Good social functioning correlated with lower symptom levels and higher self-esteem, while role functioning related to illness beliefs (control, stigma).
No significant changes in social or role functioning were observed over the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusions:

The Global Functioning: Social and Role scales are validated and useful tools for assessing functioning in first-episode schizophrenia.
Findings suggest that impaired functioning in schizophrenia may represent a stable, long-standing deficit present early in the illness course.
These scales provide valuable insights into the functional trajectory of schizophrenia from its initial stages.