Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bi-allelic missense variants in human GPN2 result in Perrault syndrome.

American journal of human genetics·2026

Same author

Morphological, hematological, biochemical characteristics, and food preferences of common teal (<i>Anas crecca</i>) during the wintering period in Punjab, Pakistan.

Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research·2026

Same author

Betanin-encapsulated nanoparticles mitigate neurotoxicity against AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced Alzheimer's disease via modulation of AChE/TNF-α/IL-1β expression.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026

Same author

Nebulised Magnesium Sulphate Plus Epinephrine versus Epinephrine Alone in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: Authors' Reply.

Indian journal of pediatrics·2025

Same author

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sulfonamide-functionalized pyridine carbothioamides as potent tubulin-targeting anticancer agents.

RSC medicinal chemistry·2025

Same author

KLHL13 functional defects cause neurodevelopmental disorder in humans that can be rescued via inhibition of AURKB in cellular and animal models.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors.

Usman A Ashfaq¹, Tariq Javed, Sidra Rehman

¹Division of Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. usmancemb@gmail.com

Virology Journal

|April 13, 2011

Summary

Lysosomotropic agents like Chloroquine and Ammonium chloride inhibit Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry by increasing lysosomal pH. These agents reduced HCV pseudoparticle infectivity, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for chronic HCV.

More Related Videos

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: April 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: April 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Virology
Cell Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into host cells involves envelope proteins E1 and E2.
HCV entry occurs via direct plasma membrane fusion or receptor-mediated endocytosis, with fusion triggered by low endosomal pH.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the antiviral effects of lysosomotropic agents (Chloroquine and Ammonium chloride) on pH-dependent HCV endocytosis.
To evaluate the potential of these agents in inhibiting HCV infection by modulating intracellular pH.

Main Methods:

HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) of genotypes 1a and 3a were produced and used to infect liver cells.
Cytotoxicity of Chloroquine and NH4Cl was assessed using MTT assay.
Antiviral activity was determined by measuring luciferase activity in infected cells treated with varying concentrations of the agents.

Main Results:

Chloroquine and Ammonium chloride demonstrated over 50% reduction in HCVpp infectivity.
Effective concentrations were 50 μM for Chloroquine and 10 mM for Ammonium chloride.
No significant cytotoxicity was observed at these effective concentrations.

Conclusions:

Lysosomotropic agents can inhibit HCV entry by increasing lysosomal pH, thereby interfering with the fusion step.
Modulating lysosomal pH presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating chronic Hepatitis C virus infections.