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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

[Active DNA demethylation in mammals].

Yao Xiao1, Hua-Lin Zhang, Li-Ya Bai

  • 1Key Lab of Education Ministry of China in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|April 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Active DNA demethylation, a key epigenetic process, is well-understood in plants but remains controversial in mammals. This review explores potential pathways for active DNA demethylation in mammals, aiding researchers in understanding epigenetic reprogramming.

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • DNA methylation is a crucial, heritable epigenetic mark.
  • Active DNA demethylation mechanisms are well-defined in plants but not in mammals.
  • The mammalian active DNA demethylation pathway is currently debated.

Purpose:

  • To review recent literature on active DNA demethylation in mammals.
  • To explore potential pathways for active DNA demethylation in mammals.
  • To aid researchers in understanding epigenetic reprogramming.

Summary:

  • Active DNA demethylation occurs in a spatially and temporally specific manner in mammals.
  • Candidate pathways include 5-methylcytosine oxygenation, deamination, and DNA repair pathways.
  • These pathways are considered on a cell- and tissue-specific basis.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of active DNA demethylation in mammals.
  • Highlights candidate mechanisms for this epigenetic process.
  • Facilitates further research into epigenetic reprogramming in mammals.