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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

Neuromyelitis optica with extensive active brain involvement: an autopsy study.

Mohammed A Almekhlafi¹, Arthur W Clark, Claudia F Lucchinetti

¹Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. malmekhl@ucalgary.ca

Archives of Neurology

|April 13, 2011

Summary

This case report details a patient with aquaporin 4-positive relapsing myelitis who experienced severe brain involvement. Neuropathology revealed early astrocyte targeting and immune responses, supporting current understanding of neuromyelitis optica pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Neuropathology

Background:

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system.
Aquaporin 4 antibodies are a key biomarker for NMOSD, particularly in relapsing myelitis.

Observation:

A 51-year-old woman with aquaporin 4-positive NMOSD presented with extensive brain lesions and fatal outcome.
Neuropathological examination revealed lesions in radiologically and grossly normal areas.
Immunostaining demonstrated massive astrocyte disintegration in both acute and chronic lesions.

Findings:

Astrocytes are confirmed as an early and primary target in the disease process.
Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated an induced immune response.
The findings support the role of astrocyte damage in the pathogenesis of NMOSD.

Implications:

This case contributes to the understanding of astrocyte pathology in neuromyelitis optica.
It highlights the critical role of immune mechanisms in the development of NMOSD.
Further research into astrocyte-targeted therapies for NMOSD is warranted.