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Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Published on: June 9, 2018

[Epicondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis and therapy].

Andrea Emilio Salvi¹, Maria Teresa Donini, Gabriele Campochiaro

¹Service d'Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Mellini, Iseo, Italie.

La Tunisie Medicale

|April 13, 2011

Summary

Epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, involves poorly understood causes and multiple anatomical structures. This review details various conservative and surgical treatments, outlining their pros and cons based on current literature.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

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Published on: June 9, 2018

Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair

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Published on: March 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Anatomy

Context:

Epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, presents significant diagnostic and etiological challenges.
Multiple anatomical structures within the elbow and forearm are implicated in its pathogenesis.
Current understanding of epicondylitis pathogenesis remains incomplete, necessitating a review of therapeutic strategies.

Purpose:

To comprehensively review and analyze the diverse range of conservative and surgical treatment options for epicondylitis.
To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each therapeutic approach based on existing international literature.
To provide a consolidated resource for clinicians and researchers regarding epicondylitis management.

Summary:

Conservative treatments include elbow immobilization, muscle stretching, joint manipulation, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, acupuncture, autologous blood injections, laser therapy, and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy.
Surgical interventions encompass fasciotomy, excision of pathological tissue at the extensor carpi radialis brevis origin, ligamentous release, muscle debridement, tendon elongation, and arthroscopic procedures.
Each treatment modality is discussed with its respective benefits and drawbacks as reported in the scientific literature.

Impact:

This review aims to clarify the current landscape of epicondylitis treatment, aiding in informed clinical decision-making.
By summarizing evidence-based outcomes, it can guide the selection of optimal therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from epicondylitis.
Enhanced understanding of treatment efficacy may lead to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs associated with epicondylitis management.