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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...

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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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The mind-body-microbial continuum.

Antonio Gonzalez1, Jesse Stombaugh, Catherine Lozupone

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome, encompassing gut microbes and their genes, influences behavior and neuropsychiatric conditions. Understanding this microbial community offers new insights into neurodevelopment and potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human microbiome, including microbiota and their collective genes, plays a crucial role in health.
  • Gut microbes function as a metabolic organ, providing functions not encoded by the human genome.
  • Culture-independent metagenomic and DNA sequencing techniques have revolutionized microbiome research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the human microbiome's role as an interface between host genetics and environmental exposures.
  • To investigate the microbiome's influence on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes.
  • To understand the microbiome's impact on cognition, personality, mood, sleep, eating behavior, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing metagenomic techniques and DNA sequencing to analyze microbial communities.
  • Investigating shared and distinctive features of microbial communities across different individuals.
  • Examining microbiome-encoded pathways for xenobiotic metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Metagenomic studies reveal diverse microbial communities within humans.
  • The human microbiome interfaces between host genes and environmental factors.
  • Microbiome composition influences neurodevelopment, behavior, and potentially neuropsychiatric conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The human microbiome is a key factor in understanding neurodevelopment and behavior.
  • Microbiome research offers novel insights into neuropsychiatric diseases like affective disorders and autism.
  • Understanding microbiome metabolism is vital for optimizing pharmacologic interventions.