Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Using simple to more robust in vitro methods based on human pulmonary models to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics derived from 3D printing materials.

NanoImpact·2026
Same author

An integrated approach to assess exposure and early health effects in human populations exposed to micro- and nanoplastics.

NanoImpact·2025
Same author

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure in hexavalent chromium exposed workers and the effects of exposure mixtures on oxidative stress and genomic instability.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2025
Same author

Oxidative damage, genetic and epigenetic alterations in hexavalent chromium exposed workers - A cross-sectional study within the SafeChrom project.

Environmental research·2025
Same author

Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA Expression and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks in the Ventral Hippocampus of the Rat: Impact of Chronic Stress and Biological Sex.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2025
Same author

In vitro cell-transforming capacity of micro- and nanoplastics derived from 3D-printing waste.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles
13:09

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles

Published on: March 3, 2023

Nano-specific genotoxic effects.

Hannu Norppa1, Julia Catalán, Ghita Falck

  • 1Nanosafety Research Center, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland.

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanoparticle genotoxicity is not a given and does not automatically increase with smaller size. Understanding nanoparticle properties is key for accurate risk assessment, rather than extensive in vivo testing.

More Related Videos

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
08:25

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure

Published on: June 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles
13:09

Demonstration of the DNA Fiber Assay for Investigating DNA Damage and Repair Dynamics Induced by Nanoparticles

Published on: March 3, 2023

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
08:25

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure

Published on: June 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nanomaterial safety
  • Risk assessment

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in various applications.
  • Concerns exist regarding their potential genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
  • Current testing strategies for nanomaterials may not be fully adequate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the assumption that nanoparticles are inherently genotoxic.
  • To assess the feasibility of large-scale in vivo genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials.
  • To explore alternative approaches for nanomaterial risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanoparticle genotoxicity.
  • Analysis of the relationship between nanoparticle characteristics and toxicological outcomes.
  • Consideration of regulatory testing paradigms.

Main Results:

  • Genotoxicity is not a universal property of all nanoparticles.
  • Nanoscale size does not inherently increase genotoxicity.
  • Large-scale in vivo testing of diverse nanomaterials is impractical.
  • Nanoparticle characteristics can inform genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Avoid generalized assumptions about nanoparticle genotoxicity.
  • Focus on specific nanoparticle properties and their toxicological relevance.
  • Utilize mechanistic information and characteristic-based data for robust risk assessment of nanomaterials.