Cells behaviour in presence of nano-scaffolds

Nanomaterials are being made for use in various fields in biology from sensors to clutches. Nanomaterials may be perceived, in bizarre ways by the cells. Starting from the membrane to the nucleus, each component of the cell could have a new response. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) isolated from human placenta, Wharton's jelly, cord blood, fetal bone marrow and adipose tissue, cultured in the presence of biomaterials were monitored for differentiation in to the osteogenic phenotype. On the basis of osteogenic marker expression analysis, placental cells exhibited the best osteogenic potential among the different MSC. There is some cell death initially but the cells that remain viable show uptake of nanoparticles. The viable cells both divide and show differentiation into osteogenic cell type. The placental MSC in conjunction with the biomaterials were implanted in the injured femur of Wistar rats showed complete regeneration of the damaged region.