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Do response modality effects support multiprocessor models of divided attention?

H Pashler1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
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Dual-task interference is reduced when combining manual and vocal tasks, especially with unpredictable stimulus order. However, central interference persists, suggesting a need for strategies to manage errors in dual-task performance.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dual-task interference occurs when performing two tasks simultaneously.
  • Combining tasks with different response modalities (e.g., manual and vocal) may reduce interference.
  • Previous studies often used unpredictable stimulus orders, potentially confounding results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dual-task interference when combining manual and vocal responses.
  • To examine the effect of variable stimulus order on interference between different response modalities.
  • To reconcile findings with the response selection bottleneck model.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted manipulating task modality (manual/vocal) and stimulus order.
  • Participants performed dual tasks, and reaction times and error rates were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Speed stress was introduced in Experiment 3 to provoke errors.
  • Main Results:

    • Variable stimulus order significantly increased interference for two manual tasks.
    • Interference was only slightly exacerbated for manual-vocal task combinations.
    • Central interference, or the psychological refractory period, remained evident even with mixed modalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Response modality plays a crucial role in dual-task interference.
    • The response selection bottleneck model can account for these findings with amendments.
    • Strategies may be needed to prevent errors under speed stress when selecting manual responses.