Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

Overview
Punnett Squares01:00

Punnett Squares

Overview
Punnett Squares01:00

Punnett Squares

Overview
Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<b>Phylogenomics, taxonomy and conservation of the White's skink (Scincidae: <i>Liopholis whitii</i>) species complex in south-eastern Australia</b>.

Zootaxa·2026
Same author

Female Mate Choice, Animal Welfare, and Reproductive Success in Blue-Gray Tanagers (Thraupis episcopus) and Red-Capped Cardinals (Paroaria gularis), at Brookfield Zoo Chicago.

Zoo biology·2026
Same author

Two Contrasting Demographic Processes Shape the Divergence and Evolution of the Widespread Arid Zone Specialist, Petrogale lateralis.

Molecular ecology·2026
Same author

Phylogenetic analysis of the New Guinean forest wallabies, Dorcopsis and Dorcopsulus reveals cryptic divergent lineages impacted by highland and lowland barriers.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026
Same author

Diversification of kangaroos and broader turnover among marsupial terrestrial herbivores coincided with emerging aridification then incipient grasslands.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026
Same author

Relegating Species Descriptions to Electronic Supplementary Information Puts Critical Data for Taxonomy at Risk.

Ecology and evolution·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
20:36

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Predicting the probability of outbreeding depression.

Richard Frankham1, Jonathan D Ballou, Mark D B Eldridge

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia. richard.frankham@mq.edu.au

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Concerns about outbreeding depression (OD) in fragmented populations are often excessive. New research shows that crossing populations with similar environments and recent gene flow has a low probability of causing OD.

More Related Videos

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
07:34

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Published on: August 22, 2018

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing
08:39

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Published on: September 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
20:36

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
07:34

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Published on: August 22, 2018

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing
08:39

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Published on: September 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Conservation Genetics
  • Population Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Population fragmentation can lead to genetic erosion and increased extinction risk.
  • Re-establishing gene flow is crucial but often hindered by fears of outbreeding depression (OD).
  • Outbreeding depression can arise from adaptive differentiation or chromosomal differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict the probability of outbreeding depression in recently isolated population fragments.
  • To assess the role of adaptive differentiation and chromosomal variation in causing OD.
  • To develop a decision-making tool for managers considering gene flow between populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an extended breeders' equation to model OD probability based on selection intensity, genetic diversity, effective population size, and isolation duration.
  • Analyzed empirical data from populations in similar environments, showing no OD even after millennia of isolation.
  • Developed a decision tree incorporating taxonomic status, recent gene flow, and environmental similarity to predict OD risk.

Main Results:

  • High OD probability is linked to distinct species, fixed chromosomal differences, lack of recent gene flow (<500 years), or differing environments.
  • Low OD probability is observed in same-species crosses with similar karyotypes, recent isolation (<500 years), and similar environments.
  • The decision tree accurately predicted OD occurrence in test crosses.

Conclusions:

  • Current concerns regarding outbreeding depression in recently fragmented populations are likely overstated.
  • A decision-making framework can guide managers on the risks and benefits of inter-population gene flow.
  • Crossing genetically similar, recently isolated populations occupying similar environments is generally safe.