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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Decrease of anti-Mullerian hormone in genetic spermatogenic failure.

I Plotton1, L Garby, Y Morel

  • 1Service d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Lyon, France. ingrid.plotton@chu-lyon.fr

Andrologia
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in azoospermia patients vary by cause. Genetic nonobstructive azoospermia shows low AMH, while cytotoxic nonobstructive azoospermia has AMH levels similar to obstructive azoospermia.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
08:48

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Andrology
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a key marker in male reproductive health.
  • Azoospermia, the absence of sperm in ejaculate, has diverse underlying physiopathologies.
  • Understanding AMH variations in azoospermia can aid in diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) plasma levels in azoospermia patients based on their specific physiopathology.
  • To investigate the correlation between AMH levels and other reproductive hormones (FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone) and testicular volume.
  • To differentiate AMH levels between obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), including subgroups of NOA.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective clinical study involving 49 consecutive azoospermia patients.
  • Measurement of plasma AMH levels.
  • Correlation analysis of AMH with FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone, and testicular volume.
  • Comparison of AMH levels between OA and NOA, and within NOA subgroups (genetic, cryptorchidism, cytotoxic, unexplained).

Main Results:

  • AMH plasma levels demonstrated significant correlations with FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone, and testicular volume.
  • Patients with NOA exhibited lower AMH levels compared to those with OA.
  • Lowest AMH values were found in genetic NOA, whereas cytotoxic NOA showed AMH levels comparable to OA.
  • FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone, and testicular volume did not differ between genetic and cytotoxic NOA subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • AMH plasma levels are indicative of the underlying cause of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA).
  • Genetic NOA is associated with significantly reduced AMH levels.
  • Cytotoxic NOA presents AMH levels similar to obstructive azoospermia (OA), suggesting preserved Sertoli cell function.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise regulation of AMH production in different azoospermia etiologies.