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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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[Pathological changes of the chemosensory function in multiple sclerosis - an MRI study].

F A Schmidt1, F Fleiner, L Harms

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Smell and Taste Consultation Service, Berlin, Germany.

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|April 14, 2011
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often experience olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Lesions in the olfactory brain and decreased olfactory bulb volume correlate with these sensory deficits in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Context:

  • Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are reported in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The underlying mechanisms contributing to these sensory deficits in MS remain incompletely understood.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive method to investigate brain structural changes.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the relationship between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and brain lesion load in MS patients using MRI.
  • To correlate olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory brain volume with the number and volume of MS lesions.
  • To assess olfactory function using the Threshold-Discrimination-Identification Test (TDI) and gustatory function using the Taste-Strips-Test (TST).

Summary:

  • 30 MS patients underwent MRI, olfactory, and gustatory testing.
  • A significant correlation was found between olfactory brain lesion load (number and volume) and reduced olfactory bulb and olfactory brain volumes.
  • Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in MS patients are associated with increased MS lesion burden in the olfactory brain.
  • The left olfactory bulb volume specifically correlated with lesion load and gustatory test scores.

Impact:

  • Findings suggest that MS lesions in the olfactory brain contribute to olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.
  • This study highlights the utility of MRI in quantifying structural changes related to sensory impairments in MS.
  • Understanding these correlations can aid in developing targeted interventions for sensory deficits in MS patients.