Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-Throughput Sequencing and SELEX-Based Protocol for Selecting Aptamers Against Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Induction of necrosis symptoms by potato virus X in AGO2-silenced tomato plants associates with reduced transcript accumulation of copper chaperon for superoxide dismutase gene.

Virus research·2024
Same author

Molecular phylogeny and secondary structure analysis of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) associated with Mulberry (Morus alba) in India.

Archives of microbiology·2024
Same author

Hop Latent Viroid: A Hidden Threat to the Cannabis Industry.

Viruses·2023
Same author

Host selection-producing variations in the genome of hop stunt viroid.

Virus research·2022
Same author

Tissue Print Hybridization for Detection and Characterization of Viroids.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2021
Same journal

[Nuclear Translocation of HTLV-1 bZIP Factor by Activation of the TGF-β/Smad Pathway: A Key Molecular Mechanism for HTLV-1 Oncogenesis].

Uirusu·2026
Same journal

[Identification of a conserved antiviral RNA editing mechanism in filamentous fungi.]

Uirusu·2026
Same journal

[Elucidation of an Intrinsic Immune Evasion Mechanism in Herpes Encephalitis].

Uirusu·2026
Same journal

[Structural analysis of Ebola virus nucleocapsid].

Uirusu·2026
Same journal

[The history of HIV].

Uirusu·2026
Same journal

[The multidisciplinary study, "Aerosol virology/Aerovirology"-A new frontier].

Uirusu·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

[Current progress in viroid research].

Teruo Sano1

  • 1Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University. sano@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp

Uirusu
|April 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viroids are small RNA pathogens that infect plants. This research highlights recent advances in understanding viroid epidemics, evolution, and how they cause disease through RNA silencing.

More Related Videos

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins
09:27

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins

Published on: January 17, 2014

Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture
12:52

Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture

Published on: September 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins
09:27

Methodology for the Efficient Generation of Fluorescently Tagged Vaccinia Virus Proteins

Published on: January 17, 2014

Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture
12:52

Propagation of Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 via Homalodisca vitripennis Cell Culture

Published on: September 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular biology
  • RNA biology

Context:

  • Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA pathogens.
  • They replicate autonomously using host transcriptional machinery.
  • Viroids cause significant plant diseases and impact agriculture.

Purpose:

  • To present the latest research progress in viroid studies.
  • To explore new viroid disease epidemics and their molecular evolution.
  • To investigate viroid pathogenesis, focusing on host adaptation and RNA silencing.

Summary:

  • Viroids are non-coding RNA replicons causing plant diseases.
  • Their unique structure facilitates studies on pathogenesis, RNA transport, and evolution.
  • Recent progress covers new epidemics, molecular evolution, host adaptation, and RNA silencing mechanisms.

Impact:

  • Advances understanding of plant pathogen interactions.
  • Provides insights into molecular evolution and host adaptation strategies.
  • Informs strategies for managing viroid diseases in agriculture.