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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Multiparticle sintering dynamics: from fractal-like aggregates to compact structures.

Max L Eggersdorfer1, Dirk Kadau, Hans J Herrmann

  • 1Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
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Multiparticle sintering, a key process in material synthesis and energy generation, was quantitatively modeled. The study reveals how aggregate morphology, surface area, and fractal dimension evolve during viscous sintering.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Multiparticle sintering is a common phenomenon in high-temperature material synthesis and energy generation processes.
  • It leads to the formation of hard- or sinter-bonded agglomerates from primary particles.
  • Understanding this particle growth mechanism is crucial for controlling material properties and process efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate multiparticle sintering using mass and energy balances.
  • To model the evolution of morphology, surface area, and radius of gyration in amorphous aerosol aggregates.
  • To develop expressions for the evolution of fractal dimension and surface area during viscous sintering.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a quantitative model based on mass and energy balances for viscous sintering of amorphous aerosol materials.

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  • Validated the model for sintering of two particles (equal/unequal size) and particle chains.
  • Simulated and analyzed aggregate structures generated by diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCA), and ballistic particle-cluster agglomeration (BPCA).

    • Main Results:

    • Elucidated the evolution of morphology, surface area, and radii of gyration for multiparticle aggregates with varying sizes and initial fractal dimensions.
    • Observed different scaling behaviors between surface area evolution and radius of gyration for aggregates formed by DLA, DLCA, and BPCA.
    • Proposed new expressions for the evolution of fractal dimension and surface area during viscous sintering.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides a quantitative understanding of multiparticle sintering in amorphous aerosol materials.
    • The proposed expressions for fractal dimension and surface area evolution are valuable for designing aerosol processes.
    • These findings can aid in material synthesis, minimization, and suppression of particle formation using population balance equations and fluid dynamic simulations.