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Neurodevelopment of the visual system in typically developing children.

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  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. p.klaver@psychologie.uzh.ch

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Children’s visual streams, dorsal and ventral, mature at different rates. Neuroimaging reveals distinct developmental trajectories for knowing "how" versus "what," impacting visual cognitive development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual system development

Background:

  • Understanding how children acquire knowledge is central to developmental psychology.
  • Distinguishing between
  • know how
  • (dorsal stream) and
  • know what
  • (ventral stream) functions is key to visual learning.
  • Previous behavioral studies have not fully resolved the maturation of these visual streams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging studies on the development of the human visual system in children.
  • To investigate whether the dorsal and ventral visual streams mature at different rates.
  • To understand the neurodevelopmental trajectories of high-order visual functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent functional, structural, and microstructural neuroimaging research.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on later stages of child development.
  • Interrogation of findings regarding visual stream maturation rates.

Main Results:

  • Ventral visual stream gray matter shows prolonged development compared to the dorsal stream.
  • Dorsal visual stream white matter connectivity matures later.
  • Ventral stream areas increase in size, while dorsal stream areas show increased activity related to visual perception.

Conclusions:

  • The dorsal and ventral visual streams follow distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories.
  • High-order visual functions mature late in development.
  • Neuroimaging techniques are crucial for studying visual cognitive development.