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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
Published on: October 22, 2014
Outcome of lower extremity revascularization for peripheral artery occlusive disease: is there a difference between
Keri A Seymour1, Benjamin Sadowitz, Kwame S Amankwah
1Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Abstract:
The incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) increases with age. Women represent a growing percentage of the elderly population who present with PAD. While speculation exists that gender affects outcome after revascularization procedures, the literature is confusing and often conflicting. This review compares outcomes by gender after open surgical and endovascular lower extremity revascularization (LER) procedures including: demographic differences, patency rates, limb salvage rates, long-term survival, perioperative complications and 30-day mortality. This review summarizes the existing data and discusses current influences on outcome after LER.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...

