Needle to nerve proximity: what do the animal studies tell us?
Alan James Robert Macfarlane1, Anuj Bhatia, Richard Brull
1Department of Anaesthesia, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK.
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
|April 15, 2011
Abstract:
Recent animal studies have provided insight and understanding, as well as promising clinical tools, to help identify needle-to-nerve contact and potentially hazardous intraneural injection. This narrative review describes and summarizes the contemporary animal studies primarily relating to indicators of needle-to-nerve contact and intraneural injection. Resultant nerve injury, whenever sought, is discussed.

