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Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance

Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

Continuing challenges in defining image quality.

Narendra Shet¹, Joseph Chen, Eliot L Siegel

¹Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Pediatric Radiology

|April 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing radiation exposure in digital radiography (DR) requires understanding its impact on image quality. New informatics and psychoperceptual methods can help balance dose reduction with diagnostic efficacy.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiology
Image Quality Assessment

Background:

Achieving dose reduction in medical imaging without sacrificing diagnostic efficacy is crucial.
Image quality is variably defined, leading to inconsistent radiation exposure levels in digital radiography (DR).

Purpose of the Study:

To explore methods for defining and assessing image quality in DR to enable safe radiation dose reduction.
To investigate informatics-based and psychoperceptual approaches for optimizing the trade-off between radiation exposure and diagnostic efficacy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on subjective image quality assessment in DR.
Discussion of potential innovations including automated quality assessment, mathematical modeling of the human visual system, and database creation.
Emphasis on improved training for radiologists in image quality determination.

Main Results:

Subjective image quality assessments in DR show significant variability among professionals.
Informatics and psychoperceptual approaches offer a framework to quantify the relationship between dose, perceived quality, and diagnostic outcomes.
Proposed innovations aim to standardize image quality assessment and reduce inter-observer variability.

Conclusions:

Standardized, objective methods are needed to assess image quality in DR.
Informatics and psychoperceptual tools can facilitate dose reduction while maintaining diagnostic efficacy.
Training and technological advancements are key to minimizing negative impacts of lower radiation exposure.