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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Pediatric obesity epidemic: problem and solutions.

Lisa J Merlo¹, Heather L Yardley

¹University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry,, USA. lmerlo@ufl.edu

Current Pharmaceutical Design

|April 16, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric obesity affects one-third of US children, increasing risks for adult obesity and related health issues. Multifactorial prevention and treatment strategies are crucial but require further development to combat this epidemic.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Pediatrics
Epidemiology

Background:

Pediatric obesity has reached epidemic proportions in recent decades.
Approximately one-third of American children and adolescents are overweight or obese.
This trend places youth at significant risk for lifelong obesity and associated health complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the escalating crisis of pediatric obesity.
To underscore the multifactorial nature of its causes and consequences.
To emphasize the need for enhanced prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

This abstract is based on a review of current literature and public health data regarding pediatric obesity.
It synthesizes information on prevalence, associated medical conditions, and psychosocial impacts.
The focus is on the broad scope of the problem and the need for comprehensive solutions.

Main Results:

Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern with significant long-term implications.
Overweight and obese youth face increased risks for acute and chronic medical conditions.
Psychosocial functioning is also negatively impacted by excess weight in children and adolescents.

Conclusions:

Effective strategies must address the complex, multifactorial origins and outcomes of pediatric obesity.
Current prevention and treatment programs, while numerous, are insufficient to fully combat the epidemic.
Further research and implementation of innovative interventions are essential to reverse this trend.