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Related Concept Videos

Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Related Experiment Video

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Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues
09:27

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

Amorphous trehalose dihydrate by cryogenic milling.

A J Megarry1, J Booth, J Burley

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.

Carbohydrate Research
|April 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryogenic milling transforms crystalline trehalose dihydrate into an amorphous glass. This study demonstrates a novel method for creating amorphous hydrates using cryogenic milling, a mild and versatile technique.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Trehalose dihydrate is a naturally occurring disaccharide with established safety.
  • It serves as a valuable food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.
  • Previous research indicated that amorphous trehalose dihydrate is not formed via room temperature milling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of trehalose dihydrate when subjected to cryogenic milling.
  • To explore the potential for crystal-to-glass transformation in trehalose dihydrate using low-temperature milling.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic milling of trehalose dihydrate.
  • Analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
  • Analysis using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).
  • Analysis using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD).
  • Analysis using Raman Spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of crystal-to-glass transformation for trehalose dihydrate.
  • Successfully generated amorphous trehalose dihydrate using cryogenic milling.
  • Confirmed the transformation through various analytical techniques (DSC, TGA, XRPD, Raman spectroscopy).

Conclusions:

  • Cryogenic milling is an effective method for producing amorphous trehalose dihydrate.
  • This represents the first reported application of cryogenic milling for generating amorphous hydrates.
  • The technique is mild and broadly applicable for creating amorphous forms of hydrates.