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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

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Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Mucosal vaccination: lung versus nose.

Ana Vujanic¹, Philip Sutton, Kenneth J Snibson

¹Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

|April 16, 2011

Summary

Intra-pulmonary vaccination with ISCOMATRIX(®) influenza vaccine induced potent immune responses in the lungs and blood. Nasal delivery showed weaker primary immune responses but could boost existing nasal immunity.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

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Published on: September 19, 2016

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Developing vaccines that induce strong mucosal immune responses is crucial for preventing infections at mucosal surfaces.
The effectiveness of different vaccine delivery routes for stimulating mucosal immunity requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of nasal versus intra-pulmonary vaccine delivery in inducing mucosal immune responses.
To evaluate the ISCOMATRIX(®) adjuvant's performance in stimulating immune responses via different delivery routes.

Main Methods:

A sheep lymphatic cannulation model was used to assess immune responses.
Nasal and intra-pulmonary delivery of a non-infective ISCOMATRIX(®) influenza vaccine were compared.
Immune responses were measured in lymph draining nasal lymph nodes, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Main Results:

Intra-pulmonary delivery of ISCOMATRIX(®) influenza vaccine induced potent immune responses in blood and BAL, even with low antigen doses.
Nasal delivery did not induce significant primary immune responses in nasal-draining lymph but could boost existing immunity.
ISCOMATRIX(®) adjuvant facilitated immune responses against other antigens when delivered intra-pulmonarily.

Conclusions:

Intra-pulmonary delivery is a highly effective route for inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity, particularly for lower respiratory tract pathogens.
Nasal vaccine delivery may be less effective for initiating primary immune responses but can augment pre-existing immunity.
The ISCOMATRIX(®) adjuvant shows promise for developing effective vaccines against mucosal pathogens when delivered intra-pulmonarily.