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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children.

Reginald F Baugh1, Sanford M Archer, Ron B Mitchell

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, USA. reginald.baugh@utoledo.edu

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|April 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This guideline offers evidence-based recommendations for tonsillectomy in children. Key findings include using dexamethasone, avoiding routine antibiotics, and criteria for recurrent infections or sleep-disordered breathing.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Tonsillectomy is a common pediatric surgical procedure in the US, with over 530,000 performed annually in children under 15.
  • The procedure involves complete tonsil removal, often with adenoidectomy, particularly for sleep-disordered breathing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for identifying optimal candidates for tonsillectomy in children aged 1-18.
  • To optimize perioperative management, address special populations, improve family counseling, and reduce care variations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of clinical guidelines based on a review of evidence.
  • Formulation of strong recommendations and options for care management.

Main Results:

  • Strong recommendation for intraoperative intravenous dexamethasone; strong recommendation against routine perioperative antibiotics.
  • Specific criteria for watchful waiting or recommending tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infections (e.g., 7 episodes/year).
  • Recommendations for evaluating comorbid conditions in sleep-disordered breathing, counseling on persistence of symptoms, pain management, and tracking hemorrhage rates.

Conclusions:

  • The guideline provides a framework for evidence-based decision-making in pediatric tonsillectomy.
  • Emphasizes individualized care, appropriate antibiotic use, and comprehensive management of indications and complications.