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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
Published on: December 15, 2023
Chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy: unique challenges and opportunities
Kumaresan Yogeswaran1, Scott K Fung
1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
The Korean Journal of Hepatology
|April 16, 2011
Summary
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in pregnant individuals requires careful management to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Antiviral therapies like lamivudine, tenofovir, and telbivudine are safe and effective for managing CHB during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) impacts 350 million globally, with perinatal transmission a major concern.
- Perinatal CHB can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
- Effective management in pregnancy reduces neonatal transmission and HBV-associated complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding and management strategies for CHB in pregnant individuals.
- To assess the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy during pregnancy.
- To provide guidance on preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on CHB management in pregnancy.
- Analysis of data on perinatal transmission, vaccination, and antiviral therapy efficacy.
- Evaluation of safety profiles of antiviral agents in pregnant populations.
Main Results:
- Universal infant vaccination and screening of pregnant mothers are effective in reducing HBsAg seropositivity and HCC.
- Mode of delivery and breastfeeding do not significantly impact HBV transmission.
- Oral antiviral therapy in the third trimester (HBV DNA ≥7 log IU/mL) can prevent breakthrough infections.
- Lamivudine, tenofovir, and telbivudine are considered safe and effective treatment options.
Conclusions:
- CHB management in pregnancy focuses on preventing neonatal transmission and maternal complications.
- Antiviral therapy is beneficial for select pregnant individuals with high viral loads or active liver disease.
- Continued research is needed to fully define the role of antiviral therapy in pregnant HBV carriers.
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