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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding

Hepatic clearance is influenced by protein binding based on the drug's extraction ratio. Drugs with high extraction ratios are considered flow-limited and remain unaffected by protein binding during hepatic clearance. On the other hand, drugs with low extraction ratios may be impacted by plasma protein binding, although the extent of this influence depends on the fraction of the drug bound.
For low-extraction-ratio drugs that are less than 80% protein-bound, minor changes in protein binding...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clearance

Hepatic clearance refers to the volume of blood cleared of a drug by the liver per unit of time. It plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and elimination. While hepatic clearance is commonly estimated by subtracting renal clearance from total body clearance, other pathways, such as pulmonary or biliary clearance, may also contribute. However, these pathways are generally less significant than hepatic and renal clearance.
Most drugs undergo restrictive clearance, which is proportional to the...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes
12:11

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

Published on: August 27, 2015

Hepatic fatty acid partitioning.

Leanne Hodson1, Keith N Frayn

  • 1Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. leanne.hodson@oxlip.ox.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|April 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liver fat accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is linked to fatty acid imbalance. Recent research reveals complex regulation of fatty acid metabolism, highlighting the need to understand hepatic fatty acid oxidation and partitioning factors.

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In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
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In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes
12:11

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

Published on: August 27, 2015

Measurement of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in a Suspension of Freshly Isolated Mouse Hepatocytes
11:03

Measurement of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in a Suspension of Freshly Isolated Mouse Hepatocytes

Published on: September 9, 2021

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
07:03

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Published on: July 19, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and metabolic research
  • Molecular and cellular biology of lipid metabolism

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development requires net triacylglycerol retention in the liver.
  • Liver fat accumulation results from an imbalance between fatty acid input and disposal pathways.
  • Understanding the intracellular fate of fatty acids in hepatocytes is crucial for NAFLD research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent research on the metabolic fate of fatty acids within hepatocytes.
  • To explore the regulatory factors influencing hepatic fatty acid partitioning.
  • To highlight gaps in knowledge regarding intrahepatic fatty acid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on hepatic fatty acid metabolism.
  • Analysis of studies investigating fatty acid sources and transformation.
  • Examination of research on insulin's role in fatty acid partitioning.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies clarify contributions of various fatty acid sources to liver fat and plasma triacylglycerol.
  • Hepatic fatty acid oxidation appears upregulated in insulin-resistant individuals, contrary to prior expectations.
  • Fatty acid desaturation is identified as a key transformation process influencing metabolic fate.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic fatty acid partitioning is regulated by multiple factors, including insulin.
  • Insulin's direct intrahepatic effects on fatty acid partitioning in humans remain unclear.
  • Fatty acid desaturation may aid saturated fatty acid disposal; factors upregulating hepatic oxidation require elucidation.