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Related Concept Videos

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs02:29

Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base chemistry is the transfer of protons; thus, logic suggests a relation between the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. The strength of an acid or base is quantified in its ionization constant, Ka or Kb, which represents the extent of the acid or base ionization reaction. For the conjugate acid-base pair HA / A−, the ionization equilibrium equations and ionization constant expressions are

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Brønsted base catalysts.

Amal Ting1, Jennifer M Goss, Nolan T McDougal

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development Boston University, 24 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Topics in Current Chemistry
|April 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral organic Brønsted bases are powerful catalysts for enantioselective reactions. Recent advancements include bifunctional catalysts, significantly impacting asymmetric organocatalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Chiral organic Brønsted bases are effective catalysts for enantioselective transformations.
  • Their application has expanded from enantiomeric separation to diverse asymmetric reactions.
  • Both natural and designed chiral organocatalysts are now utilized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent developments in chiral organic Brønsted base catalysis.
  • To highlight the impact of catalyst structure modifications on reaction scope.
  • To discuss the role of bifunctional catalysts in asymmetric organocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on chiral organic Brønsted base catalysis.
  • Analysis of catalyst design principles and structure-activity relationships.
  • Examination of the application scope of various organocatalysts.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in chiral organic Brønsted base catalysis have been achieved.
  • Bifunctional catalysts, possessing both Brønsted base and H-activating groups, show broad applicability.
  • Catalyst modifications have expanded their use in numerous asymmetric reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral organic Brønsted base catalysis is a rapidly advancing field.
  • The development of novel catalyst structures, including bifunctional ones, continues to drive progress in asymmetric synthesis.
  • Organocatalysis offers efficient routes to enantiomerically enriched compounds.