Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026
07:12
Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
Published on: August 17, 2022
[Parathyroid glands involvement in multiple endocrine neoplasia]
E Târcoveanu1, D Niculescu, Elena Cotea
1Clinica I Chirurgie, Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea de Medicină si Farmacie Gr.T. Popa Iaşi.
Summary
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) type I commonly involves parathyroid glands. Complete MEN I in younger patients requires subtotal parathyroidectomy, while incomplete forms in older patients may need adenoma resection with biopsy.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Surgical Oncology
- Genetics
Background:
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) syndromes involve two or more endocrine glands.
- Parathyroid gland involvement is a hallmark of MEN type I (MEN I) and MEN type II.
- MEN I typically presents with parathyroid, pancreatic endocrine, and pituitary tumors, with parathyroid abnormalities being most frequent.
Observation:
- This study presents five cases of MEN I with parathyroid gland involvement.
- Three young patients (28-33 years) with familial MEN I had complete syndrome (parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary adenomas).
- Two older patients (57 and 68 years) presented with incomplete MEN I, involving parathyroid and pituitary glands.
Findings:
- Complete MEN I cases included parathyroid adenoma, gastrinoma/insulinoma, and pituitary adenoma.
- Incomplete MEN I cases featured hyperparathyroidism and pituitary tumors.
- Gastrinomas complicated surgical management and prognosis, with one patient experiencing peptic ulcer complications and another succumbing to endocrine disorders.
Implications:
- Parathyroid gland involvement is common in MEN, with distinct management strategies for complete (subtotal parathyroidectomy) and incomplete (adenoma resection with biopsy) forms.
- Gastrinomas significantly impact MEN I prognosis and surgical approach.
- Optimal management of MEN I necessitates a multidisciplinary team due to its complexity and challenging surgical considerations.
Related Concept Videos
00:59The Parathyroid Glands
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
01:27Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
00:59Structures of the Endocrine System
The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
01:24Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...