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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Ordering kinetics of block copolymers directed by periodic two-dimensional rectangular fields.

Weihua Li1, Nan Xie, Feng Qiu

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, China, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows rectangular patterns effectively direct block copolymer assembly. Specific rectangular fields [1 m] offer superior ordering kinetics compared to other patterns, enabling large-scale domain formation.

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Directed assembly of block copolymers is crucial for creating nanostructures.
  • Patterned surfaces are used to guide copolymer self-assembly.
  • Understanding ordering kinetics is key to controlling nanostructure formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ordering kinetics of directed assembly for cylinder-forming diblock copolymers.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of rectangular directing fields compared to hexagonal fields.
  • To identify optimal rectangular field parameters for efficient copolymer assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Cell dynamics simulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.
  • Modeling of rectangular directing fields mimicking patterned surfaces.
  • Analysis of defect concentration over time to quantify ordering kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Rectangular fields with a [1 m] configuration showed the best directing effect.
  • The reversed [m 1] configuration exhibited the worst directing effect.
  • Rectangular fields demonstrated higher directing efficiency than hexagonal fields for high-density multiplication.

Conclusions:

  • Rectangular patterns are effective alternatives for directing block copolymer assembly.
  • The [1 m] rectangular field configuration is optimal for achieving ordered domains.
  • This research provides insights into optimizing directed assembly for nanostructure fabrication.