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Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Spectrophotometric Screening for Potential Inhibitors of Cytosolic Glutathione S-Transferases
14:57

Spectrophotometric Screening for Potential Inhibitors of Cytosolic Glutathione S-Transferases

Published on: October 10, 2020

The omega-class glutathione transferases: structure, function, and genetics.

Philip G Board1

  • 1The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Philip.Board @anu.edu.au

Drug Metabolism Reviews
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Omega-class glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ancient enzymes with unique active sites, catalyzing reactions distinct from other GSTs. Genetic variations in these GSTs are linked to neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Omega-class glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ancient cytosolic enzymes found across diverse species.
  • Unlike other GSTs, omega-class GSTs possess a unique active site cysteine residue.
  • This distinct active site enables omega-class GSTs to catalyze specific thiol transferase and reduction reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the enzymatic activities and physiological roles of omega-class GSTs, particularly human GSTO1-1.
  • To explore the significance of genetic variations within omega-class GST genes.
  • To understand the potential mechanisms linking omega-class GSTs to neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays for human GSTO1-1.
  • Analysis of GSTO1-1's role in biotransformation of xenobiotics (e.g., arsenic compounds, α-haloketones).
  • Review of genetic linkage studies associating GSTO genes with neurological disorders.

Main Results:

  • Human GSTO1-1 reduces monomethylarsonic acid and biotransforms reactive α-haloketones.
  • Genetic variations leading to GSTO1-1 deficiency have been identified.
  • GST O genes show associations with the onset of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS.

Conclusions:

  • Omega-class GSTs possess unique catalytic functions beyond those of other GST classes.
  • Genetic variations in omega-class GSTs may influence susceptibility to or onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Potential mechanisms involve mitigating oxidative stress or modulating inflammatory pathways like interleukin-1β activation.