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Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal injury
Özmert M A Özdemir1, Hacer Ergin1, Çigdem Yenisey2
1Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20100 Denizli, Turkey.
Insights
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) shows protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced bowel injury in rat pups. EGb 761 reduced injury scores and malondialdehyde levels, indicating its therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal physiology
- Gastrointestinal pathology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) poses a significant risk for neonatal bowel injury.
- Understanding the pathogenesis of H/R-induced intestinal damage is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) against H/R-induced bowel injury in neonatal rats.
- To evaluate the impact of EGb 761 on oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide levels in the context of H/R injury.
Main Methods:
- Neonatal Wistar albino rat pups were divided into control, H/R, and EGb 761 + H/R groups.
- EGb 761 was administered subcutaneously for 3 days prior to H/R exposure.
- Histopathologic injury scores (HIS), malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase (Px) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were assessed.
Main Results:
- The H/R group exhibited significant intestinal injury (grade 3 HIS), while the EGb 761 group showed minimal HIS.
- EGb 761 treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde and NO levels compared to the untreated H/R group.
- While glutathione and GSH-Px activities were higher in the control group, no significant differences were observed between the H/R and EGb 761 groups for these markers.
Conclusions:
- Hypoxia and nitric oxide play a role in the pathogenesis of H/R-induced intestinal injury.
- Prophylactic administration of EGb 761 demonstrates a protective effect against H/R-induced bowel injury in neonatal rats.
Background:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in rat pups with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced bowel injury.
Methods:
One-day-old Wistar albino rat pups (n = 21) were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control, untreated and not exposed to H/R, n = 7), group 2 (untreated but exposed to H/R, n = 7), and group 3 (EGb 761 + H/R, n = 7). Ginkgo biloba extract was administered (100 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously) to group 3 for 3 days. On the fourth day, all animals except controls were exposed to H/R and were killed 6 hours after H/R. Histopathologic injury scores (HIS), malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase (Px) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured on intestinal samples.
Results:
Although the control group had normal HIS, group 2 had grade 3 HIS. In contrast, group 3 had minimal HIS, and these results were significantly better than those of group 2 (P < .001). Malondialdehyde and NO levels of group 3 were significantly lower than those of group 2 (P < .01). Glutathione and GSH-Px activities of group 1 were higher than those of groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences for GSH and GSH-Px activities between groups 2 and 3.
Conclusions:
This study showed that hypoxia and NO contributed to the pathogenesis of H/R-induced intestinal injury and that prophylactically administered EGb 761 had a protective effect on bowel injury.
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