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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Hemiballismus.

Francisco Grandas¹

¹Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Beata Maria Ana, Madrid, Spain. fgrandasp@meditex.es

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|April 19, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hemiballism, a rare movement disorder, involves involuntary limb movements. While often linked to the subthalamic nucleus, lesions in other basal ganglia structures are common, and prognosis is generally good.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Movement Disorders

Background:

Hemiballism is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder causing involuntary, violent limb movements.
Classically associated with subthalamic nucleus lesions, most cases involve other basal ganglia structures.
Pathogenesis may involve abnormal neuronal firing in the globus pallidus.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical-radiological features, causes, prognosis, and treatment of hemiballism.
To highlight the evolving understanding of hemiballism's underlying pathology and common causes.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical-radiological series of hemiballism patients.
Analysis of reported cases associated with stroke, nonketotic hyperglycemia, and HIV infection.

Main Results:

Most hemiballism cases have lesions outside the subthalamic nucleus, primarily in other basal ganglia.
Stroke is the most frequent cause, with increasing reports linked to nonketotic hyperglycemia and HIV.
Hemiballism generally has a good prognosis with potential for spontaneous improvement.

Conclusions:

Hemiballism etiology is diverse, extending beyond the subthalamic nucleus.
Prompt diagnosis and cause-directed treatment, alongside symptomatic therapies like dopamine receptor blockers or tetrabenazine, are crucial.
Surgical options like pallidotomy exist for severe, persistent cases.